Fill in Order Details

  • Submit paper details for free using our simple order form

Make Payment Securely

  • Add funds to your account. There are no upfront payments. The writer will only be paid once you have approved your paper

Writing Process

  • The best qualified expert writer is assigned to work on your order
  • Your paper is written to standard and delivered as per your instructions

Download your paper

  • Download the completed paper from your online account or your email
  • You can request a plagiarism and quality report along with your paper

ANSWERED: A 12 year old boy complains of achy joints usually after soccer practice. He complains of pain upon waking in the morning although pain lessens as he is more active during the day. He has been diagnosed with juvenile arthritis. What is the role of genes in the development of arthritis? Compare and contrast osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

A 12 year old boy complains of achy joints usually after soccer practice. He complains of pain upon waking in the morning although pain lessens as he is more active during the day. He has been diagnosed with juvenile arthritis. What is the role of genes in the development of arthritis? Compare and contrast osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.  

ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

  1. Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus.
  2. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
  3. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it.
  4. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling.

Assignment:

The goal of this benchmark assignment is to gauge your ability to research and report on common ailments. You are encouraged to expound on each item to show your depth of understanding.

Essays: (at least 300 words each)

  1. A 12 year old boy complains of achy joints usually after soccer practice. He complains of pain upon waking in the morning although pain lessens as he is more active during the day. He has been diagnosed with juvenile arthritis. What is the role of genes in the development of arthritis? 
  2. Compare and contrast osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. 
  3. A 79 year old male presents with a fever. Upon assessment it is noted that he has a large reddened area on his left calf. It is warm and tender to the touch. Compare and contrast the diagnosis of erysipelas and cellulitis. Which is the correct diagnosis? Why? 
  4. Sally, a 43 year old female, is at her doctors for a regular checkup. During the exam, the doctor notices white patches inside Sally’s mouth. Sally tells the doctor that she noticed it as well but that it didn’t hurt so she wasn’t concerned. After Sally’s doctor asks a few more question, he finds out that she has been on antibiotics for just over a week. What is the correct diagnosis? What is the cause of these white patches and what treatment plan should be taken? Could Sally have prevented this outbreak?

Order your paper now and delegate fulfilment of your assignment to expert academic writers. PLAGIARISM-FREE, GUARANTEED TOP GRADES, TIMELY DELIVERY, 100% CONFIDENTIALITY, MASTERS and PHD WRITERS

Complains of achy joints Elite academic research

SAMPLE STUDENT ANSWER

The Musculoskeletal System, Mouth, and Skin

The musculoskeletal system, mouth, and skin are vital systems. For instance, the musculoskeletal system is responsible for the body’s movement. The mouth is an essential digestive system responsible for breaking down food for better digestion. The skin is essential in regulating temperature, preventing moisture loss, and reducing the negative effects of UV rays. The skin is a sensory organ and protects the body from thermal, mechanical, and physical injury. These parts of the body are susceptible to various healthcare problems. This paper discusses diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system, mouth, and skin and their management.

Role of Genes in Development of Arthritis

Juvenile arthritis is a group of arthritis that appears first before the age of 16. Arthritis causes swelling of the joints. The disorder is an automobile disorder meaning that the immune system fails and attacks the body’s tissues and organs, in this case, the joints (Ravelli et al., 2018). Normally, the immune system sends white blood cells to the injury site to fight infection and heal the disease. However, in people with juvenile arthritis, the swelling response is prolonged during the movement of joints.

The disorder is a multifactorial disorder meaning that it is caused by various factors (Ravelli et al., 2018). The occurrence of juvenile disorder arises from environmental and genetic factors. The disorder occurs from both patients’ genes and environmental factors. Some juvenile disorders are more common among one gender than the other, meaning that sex genes contribute to the development of the condition. Ravelli et al. (2018) noted that juvenile disorders could recur in families because genes partly cause them.

The genes that play a significant role in the development of arthritis are found on chromosome 6 codes for the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). According to Asquith et al. (2019), specific HLA sway the development of many common health conditions, such as juvenile arthritis. The authors argue that the disorders caused by the antigens are inherited in a multifactorial manner and related to autoimmune problems.

Children with specific HLA linked to arthritis have higher chances of developing the disorder (Asquith et al., 2019). One of the HLA antigens linked to arthritis is DR4. Most studies report the genetic association of HLA-DR4 with arthritis. For instance, Wysocki et al. (2020) noted that HLA-DR4 is a genetic anomaly found in the white blood cells and is associated with prolonging the inflammation of joints during joint movements. The anomaly prevents the white blood cells from distinguishing foreign invaders and body cells. 

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthritis occurs in various forms. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common types of arthritis. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis involving the weaning away of the cartilage and connecting the joints to the bones (Gato-Calvo et al., 2019). On the other hand, rheumatoid arthritis is an immune system disease where the white blood cells attack the joints (Aletaha & Smolen, 2018). These two diseases have various similarities. The first similarity is that both disorders cause joint stiffness and tenderness. People with either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis might feel joint tenderness and stiffness, especially in the morning and after being inactive for long.

They might feel joint tenderness, especially when applying weight to the affected joint. Second, both disorders also cause joint pain and inflammation. Third, both diseases cause movement problems in the affected joints. Forth, the two diseases have no cure. Available medications are meant to manage their symptoms. Lastly, the two diseases are often diagnosed through physical exams, blood tests, and X-ray tests.

Though the two diseases might look similar, they have many differences to distinguish them. The first difference is the cause of the diseases. RA is an autoimmune condition (Aletaha & Smolen, 2018). An anomaly causes it in the white blood cells, preventing it from recognizing the joint cell and instead of attacking it. The immune system releases enzymes to attack the joints causing stiffness, swelling, and pain. However, OA is caused by the wearing down of the cartilage, a condition that makes the bones rub together (Gato-Calvo et al., 2019).

People in sports or engage in activities that pressure the joints are at risk of the disease. Second, pain and inflammation are often more severe in RA than OA. Third, OA is localized in that it affects a specific joint and tissues surrounding it (Gato-Calvo et al., 2019). However, RA affects multiple joints at the same time. Lastly, RO causes loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, and fatigue. However, these symptoms are absent in OA.

Erysipelas and Cellulitis

Erysipelas and cellulitis are both skin infections. Erysipelas is an infection affecting the upper layers of the skin. It is a form of cellulitis, but unlike cellulitis, which affects deeper tissue, erysipelas only affects the skin’s upper layers (Stevens & Bryant, 2016). Therefore, the first way to diagnose the two diseases is by looking at the deepness of the infections. Erysipelas should be diagnosed if the infection is in the upper skin layers (Dalal et al., 2017). However, if the infection goes deep, cellulitis should be diagnosed.

The second way to compare and contrast the diagnosis of the two disorders is by looking at their symptoms. The disease causes shivering, chills, fevers, and high temperature. It also causes redness, shininess and swollen, blisters in severe incidences, and tenderness to touch and warm skin (Stevens & Bryant, 2016). The disease can turn the skin black or purple in severe cases and sharp edges between the unaffected and affected areas of the skin.

Cellulitis is a severe bacterial infection causing inflammation and redness of the skin. The disease causes warmth, tenderness, swelling, redness, fever, blister, red spots, and pain in the skin. The symptoms of the two diseases are the same (Dalal et al., 2017). It is difficult to distinguish the two diseases during diagnoses in terms of symptoms. The two diseases are often diagnosed by observing their physical appearance in terms of diagnostics. The redness of the skin in cellulitis is clearer than in erysipelas. Cellulitis is slightly dark-red or purplish.

Cellulitis is most common in the legs, while erysipelas in the face and legs. Cellulitis often forms pus and spreads along with the muscles and tendons. The correct diagnosis for this case is cellulitis (Dalal et al., 2017). The disease starts on the legs and spreads to the other body parts. The large reddened area in the patient’s left calf confirms the diagnosis. The disease also causes fever and tenderness of the affected area.

Unbelievable Deal: Get 20% Off your first Order

Complains of achy joints Elite academic research

White Patches in the Mouth

The correct diagnosis for this case is leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a medical condition that causes white patches to thicken in the mouth, especially the cheeks, tongue, gums (Sridharan et al., 2019). The patches cannot be scraped off. The disease symptoms include hardened or thickened areas, flat or irregular-textured, and graying or white patches in the mouth. The disease can also cause raised, red lesions in the mouth (Sridharan et al., 2019). The disease is not painful and may disappear without being noticed. Leukoplakia is the primary diagnosis because the patient has white patches in the mouth and no pain.

The actual cause of leukoplakia is not known. Swain and Debta (2020) noted that leukoplakia could be caused by taking tobacco products, cigarettes, and tobacco gums in most cases. The authors noted that most people holding tobacco on their checks risk developing the disease. Other causes of the disease include long-term use of alcohol, ill-fitting or broken dentures, and broken, jagged, and sharp teeth rubbing on the surfaces of the tongue.

Drinking alcohol regularly in combination with using smokeless tobacco products puts one at risk of developing the disease. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause a type of leukoplakia known as hairy leukoplakia. The infection is not treated using antibiotics.

Swain and Debta (2020) recommend treating the disease using non-surgical treatment methods. The authors note that medical treatment of the disease is based on chemoprevention such as carotenoids, Vitamin A and retinoid, bleomycin, tea extract, and Vitamin C. According to the authors, the medication provides good cosmetic results, is non-invasive, and is tolerated well by patients.

Another recommended treatment is photodynamic therapy. Swain and Debta (2020) argued that this therapy could be used to treat oral leukoplakia. This outbreak can be prevented. One of the ways to prevent the disease is using tobacco products and alcohol. The disease can also be prevented through regular dental check-ups. 

Summary

Diseases affecting the bones, mouth, and skin have been discussed in this paper. One of the diseases that have been discussed is arthritis. HLA-DR4 has been found to increase the risk of one having juvenile arthritis. OA and RA have also been discussed. OA is caused by cartilage degradation leading to bones rubbing together. However, RA is an autoimmune condition. An anomaly causes it in the white blood cells, preventing it from recognizing the joint cell and instead of attacking it.

Erysipelas and cellulitis are both skin infections. Erysipelas is an infection affecting the upper layers of the skin. It is a form of cellulitis, but unlike cellulitis, which affects deeper tissue, erysipelas only affects the skin’s upper layers. Leukoplakia is a medical condition that causes white patches to thicken in the mouth, especially the cheeks, tongue, gums. 

Conclusion

Gene is highly related to the development of arthritis. HLA-DR4 is a genetic anomaly found in the white blood cells and is associated with prolonging the inflammation of joints during joint movements. The anomaly prevents the white blood cells from distinguishing foreign invaders and body cells. OA is caused by the weaning of bone cartilage, while RA is caused by an anomaly in white blood cells making them attack the bones. The diseases have similar symptoms.

However, inflammation in RA is severe. The primary difference between erysipelas and cellulitis is that cellulitis occurs deep into the skin while erysipelas occurs in the outer layer of the skin. The diagnosis for painless white patches in the mouth is leukoplakia. It is treated using non-surgical medications. 

Full class management service: Let us help you PASS your Online class

Complains of achy joints Elite Academic Research


References

Aletaha, D., & Smolen, J. S. (2018). Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Jama, 320(13), 1360-1372. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.13103

Asquith, M., Sternes, P. R., Costello, M. E., Karstens, L., Diamond, S., Martin, T. M., … & Brown, M. A. (2019). HLA alleles associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis influence the gut microbiome. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 71(10), 1642-1650. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.

Dalal, A., Eskin‐Schwartz, M., Mimouni, D., Ray, S., Days, W., Hodak, E., … & Paul, M. (2017). Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009758.pub2

Gato-Calvo, L., Magalhaes, J., Ruiz-Romero, C., Blanco, F. J., & Burguera, E. F. (2019). Platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis treatment: review of current evidence. Therapeutic advances in chronic disease, 10, 2040622319825567. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2040622319825567

Ravelli, A., Consolaro, A., Horneff, G., Laxer, R. M., Lovell, D. J., Wulffraat, N. M., … & Smolen, J. S. (2018). Treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis to target: Recommendations of an international task force. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 77(6), 819-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213030

Sridharan, G., Ramani, P., Patankar, S., & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2019). Evaluation of salivary metabolomics in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 48(4), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12835

Stevens, D. L., & Bryant, A. E. (2016). Impetigo, erysipelas and cellulitis. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK333408/

Swain, S. K., & Debta, P. (2020). Nonsurgical treatment of oral cavity leukoplakia. Matrix Science Medica, 4(4), 91. https://www.matrixscimed.org/text.asp?2020/4/4/91/297632

Wysocki, T., Olesińska, M., & Paradowska-Gorycka, A. (2020). Current understanding of an emerging role of hla-drb1 gene in rheumatoid arthritis–from research to clinical practice. Cells, 9(5), 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051127

WHAT OUR CURRENT CUSTOMERS SAY

  • Google Rating
  • Sitejabber
  • Trustpilot
Featured Articles
Clinton K
Clinton K
You can't fault the paper quality and speed of delivery. I have been using these guys for the past 3 years and I not even once have they ever failed me. They deliver properly researched papers way ahead of time. Each time I think I have had the best their professional writers surprise me with even better quality work. Elite Academic Research is a true Gem among essay writing companies.
Samuel Y
Samuel Y
I really appreciate the work all your amazing writers do to ensure that my papers are always delivered on time and always of the highest quality. I was at a crossroads last semester and I almost dropped out of school because of the many issues that were bombarding but I am glad a friend referred me to you guys. You came up big for me and continue to do so. I just wish I knew about your services earlier.
Margaret N
Margaret N
Brilliant writers and awesome support team. You can tell by the depth of research and the quality of work delivered that the writers care deeply about delivering that perfect grade.
Davis O
Davis O
Thanks for keeping me sane for getting everything out of the way, I’ve been stuck working more than full time and balancing the rest but I’m glad you’ve been ensuring my school work is taken care of. I'll recommend Elite Academic Research to anyone who seeks quality academic help, thank you so much!
Zahraa S
Zahraa S
Absolutely spot on. I have had the best experience with Elite Academic Research and all my work have scored highly. Thank you for your professionalism and using expert writers with vast and outstanding knowledge in their fields. I highly recommend any day and time.

ORDER NOW

Consider Your Assignments Done

“All my friends and I are getting help from eliteacademicresearch. It’s every college student’s best kept secret!”

Jermaine Byrant
BSN

“I was apprehensive at first. But I must say it was a great experience and well worth the price. I got an A!”

Nicole Johnson
Finance & Economics

Our Top Experts

————-

See Why Our Clients Hire Us Again And Again!


OVER
10.3k
Reviews

RATING
4.89/5
Avg Rating

YEARS
12
Experience

Elite Academic Research Promises You:


Always on Time

If we are a minute late, the work is on us – it’s free!

Plagiarism-free

If the work we produce contains plagiarism we’ll pay out a £5,000 guarantee.

Quality

Providing quality work is core to our beliefs, which is why we will strive to give you exactly that, and more!

Written to Standard

All of our assignments go through a stringent quality checking process from start to finish.

Success Guarantee

When you order form the best, some of your greatest problems as a student are solved!

Reliable

Professional

Affordable

Quick

error: Content is protected !!